The Internet for Commodore C64/128 Users 3rd Edition by Gaelyne R. Gasson Published by VideoCam Services ISBN: 0-9585837-0-6 Table of Contents Introduction Dedication Acknowledgements About commands shown in this book Chapter 1: Hardware Basics 1 Hardware Requirements to Access the Internet 1 Modems 1 Modem Speeds 1 BPS 2 Buying a Modem 2 Interfaces 2 User port interface 3 Cartridge port interface 3 Enhanced 9600bps User port interface 3 RS-232 Cables 4 Installing Your Modem 4 Step-By-Step Modem Installation instructions: 4 Commodore Compatible Modem or User Port Interface: 4 Cartridge Port Interface 5 Storage Hardware 5 Disk Drives 6 Virtual Disk Drives 6 Storage Hardware Conflicts 7 1. Dialogue128 8 2. Desterm v2.0 8 Speed-Up Hardware 8 Cartridges 8 JiffyDos 9 CPU Accelerators 9 Summary 10 Chapter 2: Terminal and Modem Basics 11 Internet Requirements 11 Internet Ready Commodore Term Programs 11 Protocols and File Transfers 12 Luxury Term Program Features 13 Capture Buffer 13 Macros 13 Script Abilities. 14 Term Program Set-up 14 Disk Drive Options 15 Protocol Set-up 15 Communication Parameters 16 Echo 17 Phone Book Configuration 17 Interface 18 Modem Set-up 18 Normal/Inverted Hayes 19 Data Terminal (or Modem) Ready 19 Data Carrier Detect or Carrier Detect 20 Flow Control 20 Modem Initialization String (Init string) 21 Returning the Modem to Factory Default Settings 21 When Things Don't Go as Expected 22 Problems and Solutions Checklist: 23 Dialogue128 Problems 23 Dialogue128 and Mini-modem C-2400 Problems 23 Desterm Upload Problems 23 General Modem/Terminal Problems and Solutions: 24 Problems Before Connecting: 24 Problems Connecting: 25 Problems After Connecting: 25 Summary 28 Chapter 3: Finding an Internet Provider 29 Getting Connected 29 SLIP and PPP Accounts 29 Menus or UNIX? 29 How to Ask for an Account 30 Types of Internet Providers 30 Colleges and Universities 30 Free-Nets 31 Commercial Online Services 31 Commercial Internet Providers 31 Bulletin Board Systems or BBS's 32 Getting Online Without Going Broke 32 Annual or Monthly Fees 32 BBS Subscription fees 32 Time Charges 33 By the Bite (er, Byte) 33 Combination Charges 33 Unlimited Access for a set rate. 33 Customer Service Considerations 33 Where to Find Internet Providers 34 Personal Observations 34 Summary 35 Chapter 4: Signing Up 36 Before Calling the Internet Provider 36 UserID 36 Password 36 Term Program Preparation 37 Capture Buffer 37 Connecting to the Internet Provider 37 Online The First Time: What to Expect 37 Menu's and Questions You May See 38 Questions About Your Computer 38 Service Related Options 39 Subscribing to the Service 40 User Name Vs Email Name 40 Password 40 Payment Method 40 Rules and Regulations 40 Accessing Your New Account 41 Menu Accounts 41 UNIX Shell Accounts 42 Summary 43 Chapter 5: UNIX Shell Account Basics 44 What is UNIX? 44 UNIX Beginnings 45 Stuff You Need To Know About UNIX 46 Case Sensitivity 46 File Name Length 46 Spaces in UNIX File Names 46 Wildcards 46 Commands Can Have Switches 47 UNIX Commands 47 Viewing Your Directory Space 47 Moving to Another Directory 48 Copying and Moving Files 50 Deleting Files 51 Creating and Removing Directories 52 Transferring Files 52 Downloads 52 Uploads 53 Help With UNIX Commands 53 Reading Text Online 53 More or Less 53 The CAT Command 54 Getting Out of a Program 54 History Repeats Itself 55 Changing Your Password 55 Logging Off The System 55 UNIX Command List 55 More UNIX To Come 57 Summary 57 Chapter 6: Welcome to the Internet 58 Internet Utilities 58 Email 58 Usenet Newsgroups 58 IRC 58 Talk and Ytalk 58 Msend 58 FTP 59 Archie 59 Gopher 59 Veronica 59 WWW 59 Telnet 59 Rlogin 59 Ping 59 Finger 59 Relationships 60 Summary 60 Chapter 7: Email 61 Communicating With Others 61 Email Headers 62 Sample Email Header: 62 Sending Email 63 Experimenting With Email 63 Sending Email From a Bulletin Board System 64 Sending Email From an Online Service To An Internet Address 64 Sending Mail From the Internet to Other Online Services 64 Sending Email From a UNIX System 65 An Overview of Pine 65 Composing a Message in Pine 66 Pine Commands 67 Main Menu 67 While Viewing Index of Mail 67 After pressing 'o' for Options 68 An Overview of Elm 68 Composing an Email Message With Elm 68 Elm Commands 69 Message Folders 71 Adding a Text File to a Message 71 Changing Your Preferences 72 Signatures 72 Bounced Mail 72 Emoticons and Shorthand 73 When You Don't Have an Internet Account 74 Summary 74 Chapter 8: Text Editor Commands 75 Pico 75 Pico Commands 75 Vi 76 Vi - Enter Text Insertion mode 76 Vi - Cursor Movement: 76 Vi - Text Modification 77 Vi - File Operations 78 EMACS 79 EMACS - Cursor Positioning 79 EMACS - Text Modification 79 EMACS - Search and Replace 80 EMACS - File / Window / Buffer Operations 80 EMACS - Miscellaneous 80 Chapter 9: Newsgroups 81 What are Newsgroups? 81 Anatomy of a Newsgroup Article 81 The Newsgroup Header 82 The Body of a Newsgroup Article 83 Who Controls the News? 84 How Do Newsgroups Work? 84 Moderated Newsgroups 85 Usenet Newsgroup Naming Conventions 85 Other Usenet Groups 86 Newsreaders 86 Threading 86 Crossposting 87 Follow-ups 87 Subscriptions 87 The .NEWSRC File 88 Reading the News 88 rn and trn 89 nn 89 tin 89 Listing and Reading Articles 90 Pine 90 Downloading Newsgroup Articles 91 Alternative Ways to Get News 92 NNTP-SERVER 92 News via Email 93 News via WWW 93 Deja Newstm 93 AltaVista 94 Another Alternative 94 The Good, The Bad and the FAQs 94 What's a Spam? 94 Spambot to the Rescue 95 What's a Troll? 95 Flaming 95 Netiquette 96 Things You May Find in Articles 97 Emoticons and Shorthand 97 Binaries 97 ROT13 98 Using the Kill File 98 Tin Commands 98 Tin Start-up Options 99 Input Editing Commands 99 Newsgroup, Thread and Article Selection Commands 99 Group Index and Article Commands 101 Thread Listing 102 When Viewing Articles 102 Summary 103 Chapter 10: Telnet and Other Utilities 104 Telnet 104 Exiting Telnet 105 Telneting To Another Site From the Telnet Prompt 105 Slow Connections 106 8bit Telnet Connections 106 Telnet Commands 107 Rlogin 107 Ping 107 Finger 108 Summary 108 Chapter 11: FTP and Archie 109 What is FTP? 109 How Do We Use FTP? 110 Changing Directories 111 Viewing a Directory 111 Binary Files 112 Getting Files 112 Putting (Uploading) Files 114 FTP via Menu 114 Getting Files (Menu Style) 115 NCFTP 115 What is NCFTP? 115 Getting Files Using NCFTP 116 FTP/NCFTP Commands 117 Other Uses for FTP 118 FTP Sites 118 Archie 119 What is Archie? 119 Accessing Archie 119 Archie by Telnet 119 Archie Servers 121 Using Archie From Your Service 122 Summary 122 Chapter 12: World Wide Web 123 How WWW Pages Are Viewed 123 Universal Resource Locator 124 Using Lynx via Telnet 124 Viewing a WWW Page 125 Going to Other Sites 125 Navigating and Seeing Your Cursor Movements 126 Using Lynx 127 Saving Information 127 Save To a Local File 127 Mail the File 127 Print To the Screen 127 Graphics 127 Downloading Graphics 128 Downloading Other Files 129 WWW Downloaded File Problems 129 Filling Out Forms 129 Radio Buttons 130 Checkboxes 130 Option Menus 130 Text Entry Fields 130 Submit Button 131 Clear Entry Button 131 Frames 131 Image-Maps 132 Using the Lynx Bookmark 132 Searching a Web Page for a Key Word Using Lynx 133 Configuring Lynx 133 Description of Lynx Options 134 Editor 134 Bookmark File 135 FTP Sort Criteria 135 Personal Mail Address 135 Searching Type 135 Character Set 135 Raw 8-bit or CJK m(O)de : ON 136 Preferred Document Lan(G)uage : en 136 Preferred Document C(H)arset : NONE 136 `Keypad as Arrows', `Links are Numbered', and `Links and Form Fields are Numbered' 136 L(I)st Directory style : Directories First 137 Sho(W) Dot Files : ON 137 User Mode 137 User (A)gent : Lynx/2.6 libwww-FM/2.14 137 Using WWW Search Engines 137 General Search Rules 138 Use Lower Case Letters. 138 Quotation Marks for Phrases 138 Use Plus and Minus Symbols 139 Use Wildcards 139 World Wide Web Search Utilities 139 Browsing Your Home Directory With Lynx 139 Lynx Commands 141 Getting Around in a Document: 141 Other Commands 141 Commodore Related Web Pages 143 Summary 143 Chapter 13: Gopher 144 Gopher Overview 144 Gopher Menu's 144 Gopher Bookmarks 145 Veronica 145 Gopher Commands 147 Navigating 147 Bookmarks 148 Other Commands 148 Summary 148 Chapter 14: IRC Internet Relay Chat 149 Communicating With Others 149 IRC Basics 149 Starting IRC 149 Configuration Changes 150 Typing IRC Commands 151 Pausing Text Output 151 Your Nickname 151 New User Status 152 Going Invisible 152 IRC Command History 152 Finding and Joining Channels 153 IRC Conversations and Commands 154 Leaving a Channel Without Leaving Other Channels 155 Who is That Person 155 Who's in a Specific Channel 156 Channel Operators 156 Actions 156 Ignorance is Bliss: How to Ignore in IRC 157 Ignoring Extra Informational Messages 157 Ignoring the Clueless 157 No-nonsense Ignoring 158 What is Flooding? 158 Getting Kicked Out and Banned 158 Away and Signing Off 159 Sending and Receiving Private Messages 160 Sending A Private Message 160 Replying to a Private Message 160 Private Channels 161 Query Mode 161 What are CTCP and DCC? 161 DCC 162 File Transfers 162 DCC Chat 163 Keeping Track of DCC Connections 164 IRC General Hints and Tips 164 Delays 164 Non-English IRC Channels 165 Joining an Invitation-only channel 165 Seeing the Whole Channel Name 165 Newbie Vultures 165 IRC Networks and Servers 166 Changing Servers 166 IRC Server List 167 IRCnet 167 Efnet 167 Dalnet 167 NewNET 167 Undernet 167 IRC Commands 168 Useful Control-keys for Editing 169 Commodore IRC Channels 169 Other Ways to Communicate 169 Talk and Ytalk 169 Msend 170 Summary 170 Chapter 15: Advanced Email 171 Reading Email and Newsgroups Offline 171 Text 171 Email 171 Finding Your Email File 172 Downloading a Mail Folder 172 Newsgroups 173 Offline Mail Readers 173 Using a QWK Mail Door 174 Dissolving the Archived QWK Mail Packet 175 The QWK Mail Files 175 Reading and Replying to Mail 175 Uploading Your Replies 175 Offline Mail Basics for Internet Use 176 Long Email Addresses 176 Sending Newsgroup Articles 176 QWKRR Quirks 176 Quoting Newsgroup Articles 177 Sending and Receiving Files 177 Receiving Files: QWKie 177 Receiving Files: QWKRR 177 Sending Files: QWKRR v4.x and QWKie 178 Sending Files: QWKRR v5.0 178 UQWK 179 Using UQWK 180 Getmail Script 181 Safeguarding Your Email 183 A known UQWK Quirk 183 Sending Your Replies 183 UQWK and Signatures 184 Mailing Lists 184 Finding Mailing lists to join? 185 LISTSERV Commands 186 Majordomo Mail List Commands 186 Mail List Etiquette 187 Commodore Mail Lists 187 TIFCU Mail List 187 Novaterm Mail List 188 SCPU Mail List 188 Commodor Mail List 188 Jim Brain's Listserv 188 Accessing Internet Utilities Through Email 189 General Mail Servers 189 Using the Mail Server at RTFM.MIT.EDU 190 RTFM.MIT.EDU Mail Server Commands 190 Requesting the List of Mailing Lists 192 Finding Email Addresses 192 Gopher by Email 193 Gophermail Servers 193 Gopher Sites 193 Newsgroups by Email 194 Alternate Gopher Hosts for Newsgroups 195 Posting to Newsgroups Through Email 195 Searching Usenet Newsgroups 196 WWW by Email 196 WWW Mail Servers 196 W3mail Commands 197 Command Summary for W3mail 197 Using WWW Search Engines 198 FTP by Email 199 FTPMail Servers 200 FTPmail Server Commands 200 Archie by Email 202 Archie Mail Servers 203 Archie Mail Server Commands 203 Internet via Email Mailing List 204 Summary 204 Chapter 16: Changing Your Environment 205 Changing Your Environment: BBS Systems 205 Changing Your Environment: Online Services 205 Changing Your Environment: UNIX 206 Finding What Type of UNIX Shell You Have 206 Making Immediate Changes 206 Changing Your Default Editor: 206 To Change Your Terminal Emulation 207 Changing the Number of Lines Displayed 207 Changing your Delete key 207 Making Your Changes Permanent 207 Changes in the .login (and/or .cshrc) File(s) 208 Changes in the .profile or .bashrc File(s) 208 Resetting After Making Permanent Changes 208 Reverting Back to Your Original Settings 209 Creating and Using Script Files 209 Sample Script for C-Shell and TSCH Users: 210 Sample Script for Bourne, Korn and Bash Shell Users 210 Explanation of the Sample Script Commands Used 210 Making the Script Executable 212 Using Aliases to Make Quick Shortcuts 212 C-shell and TSCH Alias Examples 212 Korn and Bash Shell Alias Examples 212 Alias Explanations 213 File Permissions 214 Changing File Permissions 216 CHMOD Command Options 216 Editing Configuration Files 217 Why Change a Configuration File? 217 Commented Lines and Remarks 218 Yes/No True/False On/Off 218 Lynx Configure File 218 Lynx Configuration Items You May Want to Change 219 The MIME.TYPES File 222 Editing the .NEWSRC File 223 Editing the .IRCRC File 224 Explanation of .IRCRC Commands 225 Finger Files 227 Foreground and Background: Multi-Tasking 227 Summary 229 Chapter 17: Dealing with Files 230 File Transfers 230 Downloading Files 230 Uploading Files 231 File Transfer Problems 231 Archives 232 Commodore Archives 232 .ARC 232 .LNX 233 OmegaQ-II 233 Other Platform Archives 233 .ZIP 233 .LZH 233 Dave's Term 128 234 UNIX Archives 234 .Z 234 .GZ 234 .TAR 234 .TAR.Z and .TAZ 234 .TAR.GZ and .TGZ 235 Using Your Shell Account for Other Platform Archives 235 Creating Archives 235 Dissolving Archives 236 Other Types of Files 236 Viewing GIF Pictures 236 Viewing Problems 237 Viewing Other Graphic Files 237 Trouble Shooting 237 FTP File Problems 237 World Wide Web File Problems 238 Press D for Download 238 Text Files 238 Commodore PETASCII, MS-DOS and UNIX 238 Converting Text Files Online 239 Converting Text Files Offline 239 Files Through Email 241 UUencodes 242 Decoding UUencoded Files Online 242 UNIX 242 Pine and Elm 242 Decoding UUencoded Files Offline 242 Novaterm v9.6 243 UUXFER 243 ACE UUDECODE 243 Creating and Sending UUencoded Files Online 243 UNIX 243 Sending UUencodes with Pine 244 Using Elm to Send Files 244 Sending Files from BBS's and Online Services 244 Creating and Sending UUencoded Files Offline 244 Novaterm 9.6 245 UUXFER 245 ACE UUencode 245 MIME Files 246 Decoding MIME Files Online 246 UNIX 246 Pine 247 Elm 247 Decoding MIME Files Offline 247 Creating and Sending MIME Files Online 248 UNIX 248 Pine 248 Elm 249 Email File Problems 249 W3mail UUencode Problems 250 Files Through Newsgroups 250 Summary 251 Chapter 18: TCP/IP Connections 252 TCP/IP 252 What's a TCP/IP Stack? 253 Why is a standard TCP/IP Stack for the Commodore Important? 253 SLIP and PPP Connections 254 SLIP (or PPP) Set Up 254 SLIP (and/or PPP) Name 254 SLIP (and/or PPP) Password 254 IP Address 254 Dynamic Name System 255 Web Proxy 255 Connecting Your C= to the Internet 256 Clients and Servers 257 What client application programs do we need? 257 Will I need new hardware? 258 What's available right now? 258 Daniel Dallmann's SLIP Demo 258 LUnix (Little Unix) and LNG (LUnix Next Generation) 258 What's in the works? 259 Summary 259 Appendix 1: Glossary 260 Appendix 2: Internet and UNIX Commands 277 Appendix 3: Key Equivalents 279 Appendix 4: Source List 280 Online Services and Internet Providers 280 Free-Nets 281 Commodore Resources, Commercial 286 Click Here Software 286 CMD 286 Dave's Term 128 286 GoDot 287 HART Cartridge 287 IPort 287 Novaterm v9.6 287 RAMDrive, BBGRam 287 VideoCam Services 288 Commodore Resources, On the Net 289 RS232 Interfaces 291 DATA Pump UART Interface 291 Internet Resources 291 Commodore FTP Sites List 291 COMP.SYS.CBM FAQ files 292 Jim Brain's Commodore LISTSERV 292 TIFCU Mailing List 292 Novaterm Mailing List 292 Commodor Mailing List 292 Virtual Internet C= User's Group 292 Commodore WWW Search Utility 292 Finding Updated Information 292 Index 293 About the Author 302 ------------------------------------------ This Page Last Updated: 28-Apr-2003 CBM.videocam.net.au / C= Homestead Website